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Cancer Detection and Diagnosis |
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Tumor Imaging
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the developed world. Currently, most
forms of cancer are only recognized when a tumor mass develops, but early detection
of cancer may lead to more effective therapy and significantly reduced morbidity and
mortality. OCT may be capable of detecting cancerous cells at early stages of tumor
growth.
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OCT image of a muscle tumor. Notice the difference in structure
between the normal tissue on the left of the image and the irregular
tissue on the right of the image. |
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OCT image and corresponding histology of invasive ductal carcinoma of the human breast. |
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Three-dimensional OCT and corresponding histology of a normal lymph node and one containin metastatic tumor cells. |
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| Luo W, Nguyen FT, Zysk AM, Ralston TS, Brockenbrough J, Marks DL, Oldenburg AL, Boppart SA. Optical biopsy of lymph node morphology using optical coherence tomography. Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment, 4:539-547, 2005. |
PubMed Abstract |
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OCT images and corresponding histology of late (top) and early (bottom) mammary tumor development. |
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| Boppart SA, Luo W, Marks DL, Singletary KW. Optical coherence tomography: feasibility for basic research and image-guided surgery of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 84:85-97 2004. |
PubMed Abstract |
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OCT Image-Guided Surgery High-resolution, real-time OCT can be used to intraoperatively guide the surgical resection of solid tumors by identifying tumor margins and scanning for metastatic cells or distant foci of tumor cells. OCT can also be used during surgical needle biopsy procedures to guide the placement of the needle tip and potentially improve the diagnostic sampling rates. |
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Photograph of one of our portable OCT systems being used clinically. OCT images of normal and suspicious surgical margins following resection of a human breast mass. |
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Axial OCT scan data and frequency analysis showing differences between breast tissue types: (a,d) adipose, (b,e) tumor, and (c,f) stroma. |
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Automated computer diagnostic algorithms are being developed to differentiate breast tissue types using OCT data. Classification is shown for (a) combined, (b) Fourier-domain, and (c) periodicity analysis techniques. |
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| Zysk AM, Boppart SA. Computational methods for analysis of human breast tumor tissue in optical coherence tomography images. J. Biomedical Optics. 11(5):054015, 2006. |
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Cell & Bacteria Diagnostics
Biophotonics and optical imaging provide a wide range of techniques for visualizing cells and bacteria, and their spatial distribution. Our ability to visualize and track tumor cells alone or in relation to other cells or their in vivo environment will likely improve our understanding of their dynamics and mechanisms for causing disease. |
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Multimodality imaging using optical coherence microscopy and multiphoton microscopy to visualize cells in the cornea. |
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C. Xi, M. Balberg, S.A. Boppart, and Lutgarde Raskin. Use of DNA and Peptide Nucleic Acid Molecular Beacons for
Detection and Quantification of rRNA in Solution and in Whole Cells. Applied Environ. Microbio. 69, 5673-5678, 2003 |
PubMed Abstract |
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Multimodality (OCM and MPM) imaging of cells in a three-dimensional matrix. Tumor cell dynamics can be tracked over time and under a variety of pharmacological interventions. |
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Vinegoni C, Ralston TS, Tan W, Luo W, Marks DL, Boppart SA. Integrated structural and functional optical imaging combining spectral-domain optical coherence and multiphoton microscopy. Appl. Phys. Lett., 88:053901, 2006. |
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Three-dimensional OCT of a P. aerogenosa biofilm within a glass capillary flow cell. Biofilms are made of multiple colonies of bacteria, and play a significant role in human health and disease. |
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| Xi C, Marks DL, Schlachter S, Luo W, Boppart SA. High-resolution three-dimensional imaging of biofilm development using optical coherence tomography. J. Biomed. Opt. 11(3):034001-1-134001-6, 2006. |
PubMed Abstract |
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Epifluorescence micrographs showing the use of DNA molecular beacons and PNA molecular beacons to detect bacterial and archaeal cells. Pure culture of E. coli (A and B) and M. acetivorans (C and D) were fixed by using 4% paraformaldehyde and were incubated with DNA molecular beacons. The 10-µm bar in panel B also applies for panels A, C, and D. Fluorescence micrograph of pure culture of E. coli hybridized with PNA molecular beacons (E) and corresponding phase-contrast image (F). Fluorescence micrographs of biomass from a reactor incubated with PNA molecular beacons (G) and DNA molecular beacons (H). The bar in panel F corresponds to 10 µm and also applies for panels E, G, and H. |
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